An -polyhedral
graph (sometimes called a
-net) is a 3-connected simple planar graph
on
nodes. Every convex polyhedron can be represented
in the plane or on the surface of a sphere by a 3-connected planar
graph. Conversely, by a theorem of Steinitz as restated by Grünbaum (2003,
p. 235), every 3-connected planar graph can be realized as a convex
polyhedron (Duijvestijn and Federico 1981). Polyhedral graphs are sometimes simply
known as "polyhedra" (which is rather confusing since the term "polyhedron"
more commonly refers to a solid with
faces, not
vertices).
The number of distinct polyhedral graphs having , 2, ... vertices are 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 7, 34, 257, 2606, ...
(OEIS A000944; Grünbaum 2003, p. 424;
Duijvestijn and Federico 1981; Croft et al. 1991; Dillencourt 1992). Through
duality, each polyhedral graph on
nodes corresponds to a graph (and polyhedron) with
faces. So the polyhedral graphs on
nodes are isomorphic to the convex polyhedra
with
faces. There is therefore a single tetrahedral graph,
two pentahedral graphs, etc., meaning also that
there is a single tetrahedron, two pentahedra,
etc.
There is no known formula for enumerating the number of nonisomorphic polyhedral graphs by numbers of edges , vertices
, or faces
(Harary and Palmer 1973, p. 224; Duijvestijn and Federico
1981). The numbers for the first few are summarized in the table below.
# | graph name | |
4 | 1 | tetrahedral graph |
5 | 2 | pentahedral graph |
6 | 7 | hexahedral graph |
7 | 34 | heptahedral graph |
8 | 257 | octahedral graph |
9 | 2606 | nonahedral graph |
10 | 32300 | decahedral graph |
Duijvestijn and Federico (1981) enumerated the polyhedral graphs on edges, obtaining 1, 0, 1, 2, 2, 4, 12, 22, 58, 158, 448, ...
(OEIS A002840) for
, 7, 8, ....
The smallest nonnamiltonian polyhedral graph is the Herschel graph, which has 11 nodes. The
numbers of non-Hamiltonian polyhedral graphs on , 12, ... nodes are 1, 2, 30, 239, 2369, 22039, 205663,
... (OEIS A007030; Dillencourt 1991). Similarly,
the numbers of non-Hamiltonian polyhedral graphs with
, 10, ... faces are 1, 8, 135, 2557, ... (OEIS A007032;
Dillencourt 1991).
There are no untraceable graphs polyhedral graphs on 13 or fewer nodes.
As shown by Whitney (1932), polyhedral graphs are uniquely embeddable (Fleischner 1973).