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The Riemann zeta function is an extremely important special function of mathematics and physics that arises in definite integration and is intimately related with very deep ...

A magic square is a square array of numbers consisting of the distinct positive integers 1, 2, ..., n^2 arranged such that the sum of the n numbers in any horizontal, ...

Buffon's needle problem asks to find the probability that a needle of length l will land on a line, given a floor with equally spaced parallel lines a distance d apart. The ...

The circumcircle is a triangle's circumscribed circle, i.e., the unique circle that passes through each of the triangle's three vertices. The center O of the circumcircle is ...

The Clebsch graph, also known as the Greenwood-Gleason graph (Read and Wilson, 1998, p. 284) and illustrated above in a number of embeddings, is a strongly regular quintic ...

A fullerene is a cubic polyhedral graph having all faces 5- or 6-cycles. Examples include the 20-vertex dodecahedral graph, 24-vertex generalized Petersen graph GP(12,2), ...

The game of life is the best-known two-dimensional cellular automaton, invented by John H. Conway and popularized in Martin Gardner's Scientific American column starting in ...

A two-dimensional grid graph, also known as a rectangular grid graph or two-dimensional lattice graph (e.g., Acharya and Gill 1981), is an m×n lattice graph that is the graph ...

A hyperbola (plural "hyperbolas"; Gray 1997, p. 45) is a conic section defined as the locus of all points P in the plane the difference of whose distances r_1=F_1P and ...

The Paley graph of order q with q a prime power is a graph on q nodes with two nodes adjacent if their difference is a square in the finite field GF(q). This graph is ...