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Cauchy's integral formula states that f(z_0)=1/(2pii)∮_gamma(f(z)dz)/(z-z_0), (1) where the integral is a contour integral along the contour gamma enclosing the point z_0. It ...

A plot in the complex plane of the points B(t)=S(t)+iC(t), (1) where S(t) and C(t) are the Fresnel integrals (von Seggern 2007, p. 210; Gray 1997, p. 65). The Cornu spiral is ...

The matrix decomposition of a square matrix A into so-called eigenvalues and eigenvectors is an extremely important one. This decomposition generally goes under the name ...

Given a system of ordinary differential equations of the form d/(dt)[x; y; v_x; v_y]=-[0 0 -1 0; 0 0 0 -1; Phi_(xx)(t) Phi_(yx)(t) 0 0; Phi_(xy)(t) Phi_(yy)(t) 0 0][x; y; ...

An important result in valuation theory which gives information on finding roots of polynomials. Hensel's lemma is formally stated as follows. Let (K,|·|) be a complete ...

The hyperbolic cotangent is defined as cothz=(e^z+e^(-z))/(e^z-e^(-z))=(e^(2z)+1)/(e^(2z)-1). (1) The notation cthz is sometimes also used (Gradshteyn and Ryzhik 2000, p. ...

Kepler's folium is a folium curve explored by Kepler in 1609 (Lawrence 1972, p. 151; Gray et al. 2006, p. 85). When used without qualification, the term "folium" sometimes ...

A modified spherical Bessel function of the first kind (Abramowitz and Stegun 1972), also called a "spherical modified Bessel function of the first kind" (Arfken 1985), is ...

A modified spherical Bessel function of the second kind, also called a "spherical modified Bessel function of the first kind" (Arfken 1985) or (regrettably) a "modified ...

A system of curvilinear coordinates in which two sets of coordinate surfaces are obtained by revolving the curves of the elliptic cylindrical coordinates about the y-axis ...