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A plane-filling arrangement of plane figures or its generalization to higher dimensions. Formally, a tiling is a collection of disjoint open sets, the closures of which cover ...

The toroidal crossing number cr_(1)(G) of a graph G is the minimum number of crossings with which G can be drawn on a torus. A planar graph has toroidal crossing number 0, ...

The summatory function Phi(n) of the totient function phi(n) is defined by Phi(n) = sum_(k=1)^(n)phi(k) (1) = sum_(m=1)^(n)msum_(d|m)(mu(d))/d (2) = ...

Let L(n,d) be the smallest tour length for n points in a d-D hypercube. Then there exists a smallest constant alpha(d) such that for all optimal tours in the hypercube, lim ...

The trefoil knot 3_1, also called the threefoil knot or overhand knot, is the unique prime knot with three crossings. It is a (3, 2)-torus knot and has braid word sigma_1^3. ...

The geometric centroid (center of mass) of the polygon vertices of a triangle is the point G (sometimes also denoted M) which is also the intersection of the triangle's three ...

Consider the average length of a line segment determined by two points picked at random in the interior of an arbitrary triangle Delta(a,b,c) with side lengths a, b, and c. ...

The tribonacci numbers are a generalization of the Fibonacci numbers defined by T_1=1, T_2=1, T_3=2, and the recurrence equation T_n=T_(n-1)+T_(n-2)+T_(n-3) (1) for n>=4 ...

The study of angles and of the angular relationships of planar and three-dimensional figures is known as trigonometry. The trigonometric functions (also called the circular ...

Given a reference triangle DeltaABC, the trilinear coordinates of a point P with respect to DeltaABC are an ordered triple of numbers, each of which is proportional to the ...