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Triangular Book Graph


A triangular book graph B_n consists of n>=1 triangles sharing one common graph edge. Equivalently, it is the graph join K_2+K_n^_ of a complete graph on two vertices and an empty graph on n vertices. It has n+2 vertices and 2n+1 edges. This is the book graph of the Ramsey number literature, distinct from the book graph K_(1,n) square P_2 formed from squares (Rousseau and Sheehan 1978).

For these triangular books, R(B_(n-1),B_n) is the least N such that every red-blue edge coloring of K_N contains a red B_(n-1) or a blue B_n. Chung and Wesley (2026) proved

 R(B_(n-1),B_n)=4n-1

whenever 2n-1 or n-1 is the order of a conference graph. In particular, either number may be a prime power congruent to 1 modulo 4. They also proved the equality when n=(Q+1)/2 for a prime power Q>3 with Q=3  (mod8), and when n=(r(r-1)+2)/4 for a prime power r>=7 with r=3  (mod4). Chung and Wesley (2026) report that an AI system assisted in discovering several of these constructions.


See also

Book Graph, Ramsey Number

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References

Chung, S. and Wesley, W. J. "Constructions for Nearly Diagonal Book Ramsey Numbers." 27 Oct 2026. https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.36522.House of Graphs. Triangular Book Graphs. Triangle K_3, Diamond Graph.Rousseau, C. C. and Sheehan, J. "On Ramsey Numbers for Books." J. Graph Th. 2, 77-87, 1978. https://doi.org/10.1002/jgt.3190020110.

Cite this as:

Weisstein, Eric W. "Triangular Book Graph." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Resource. https://mathworld.wolfram.com/TriangularBookGraph.html

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