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The finite difference is the discrete analog of the derivative. The finite forward difference of a function f_p is defined as Deltaf_p=f_(p+1)-f_p, (1) and the finite ...

A floating-point number is a finite or infinite number that is representable in a floating-point format, i.e., a floating-point representation that is not a NaN. In the IEEE ...

Let K be a number field with r_1 real embeddings and 2r_2 imaginary embeddings and let r=r_1+r_2-1. Then the multiplicative group of units U_K of K has the form ...

Game theory is a branch of mathematics that deals with the analysis of games (i.e., situations involving parties with conflicting interests). In addition to the mathematical ...

Hex is a two-player game invented by Piet Hein in 1942 while a student at Niels Bohr's Institute for Theoretical Physics, and subsequently and independently by John Nash in ...

The Gauss-Kuzmin distribution is the distribution of occurrences of a positive integer k in the continued fraction of a random (or "generic") real number. Consider xi_n ...

Seeks to obtain the best numerical estimate of an integral by picking optimal abscissas x_i at which to evaluate the function f(x). The fundamental theorem of Gaussian ...

The word "graph" has (at least) two meanings in mathematics. In elementary mathematics, "graph" refers to a function graph or "graph of a function," i.e., a plot. In a ...

The mathematical study of the properties of the formal mathematical structures called graphs.

A Gray code is an encoding of numbers so that adjacent numbers have a single digit differing by 1. The term Gray code is often used to refer to a "reflected" code, or more ...