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The nth roots of unity are roots e^(2piik/n) of the cyclotomic equation x^n=1, which are known as the de Moivre numbers. The notations zeta_k, epsilon_k, and epsilon_k, where ...

The small dodecahemidodecahedron is the uniform polyhedron with Maeder index 51 (Maeder 1997), Wenninger index 91 (Wenninger 1989), Coxeter index 65 (Coxeter et al. 1954), ...

A plane shape constructed by Reinhardt (1934) that is conjectured to be the "worst" packer of all centrally-symmetric plane regions. It has a packing density of ...

The supersphere is the algebraic surface that is the special case of the superellipse with a=b=c. It has equation |x/a|^n+|y/a|^n+|z/a|^n=1 (1) or |x|^n+|y|^n+|z|^n=a^n (2) ...

A transposition graph G_n is a graph whose nodes correspond to permutations and edges to permutations that differ by exactly one transposition (Skiena 1990, p. 9, Clark ...

Trigonometric functions of npi/9 radians for n an integer not divisible by 3 (e.g., 40 degrees and 80 degrees) cannot be expressed in terms of sums, products, and finite root ...

A tube of radius r of a set gamma is the set of points at a distance r from gamma. In particular, if gamma(t) is a regular space curve whose curvature does not vanish, then ...

Let all of the functions f_n(z)=sum_(k=0)^inftya_k^((n))(z-z_0)^k (1) with n=0, 1, 2, ..., be regular at least for |z-z_0|<r, and let F(z) = sum_(n=0)^(infty)f_n(z) (2) = (3) ...

The Weingarten equations express the derivatives of the normal vector to a surface using derivatives of the position vector. Let x:U->R^3 be a regular patch, then the shape ...

The generalized Petersen graph GP(n,k), also denoted P(n,k) (Biggs 1993, p. 119; Pemmaraju and Skiena 2003, p. 215), for n>=3 and 1<=k<=|_(n-1)/2_| is a connected cubic graph ...