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Let Delta denote an integral convex polytope of dimension n in a lattice M, and let l_Delta(k) denote the number of lattice points in Delta dilated by a factor of the integer ...

The term Euclidean refers to everything that can historically or logically be referred to Euclid's monumental treatise The Thirteen Books of the Elements, written around the ...

Let a closed surface have genus g. Then the polyhedral formula generalizes to the Poincaré formula chi(g)=V-E+F, (1) where chi(g)=2-2g (2) is the Euler characteristic, ...

An evolute is the locus of centers of curvature (the envelope) of a plane curve's normals. The original curve is then said to be the involute of its evolute. Given a plane ...

Let X be a set of urelements, and let V(^*X) be an enlargement of the superstructure V(X). Let A in V(X) be a finitary algebra with finitely many fundamental operations. Then ...

A dissection of a rectangle into smaller rectangles such that the original rectangle is not divided into two subrectangles. Rectangle dissections into 3, 4, or 6 pieces ...

The fundamental theorem of arithmetic states that every positive integer (except the number 1) can be represented in exactly one way apart from rearrangement as a product of ...

Given an m×n matrix A, the fundamental theorem of linear algebra is a collection of results relating various properties of the four fundamental matrix subspaces of A. In ...

Let two players each have a finite number of pennies (say, n_1 for player one and n_2 for player two). Now, flip one of the pennies (from either player), with each player ...

Ore (1962) noted that not only does a tree possesses a unique shortest path between any two vertices, but that there also exist also other connected graphs having the same ...