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Ramanujan developed a number of interesting closed-form expressions for generalized continued fractions. These include the almost integers ...

The "witch of Agnesi" is a curve studied by Maria Agnesi in 1748 in her book Instituzioni analitiche ad uso della gioventù italiana (the first surviving mathematical work ...

Buffon's needle problem asks to find the probability that a needle of length l will land on a line, given a floor with equally spaced parallel lines a distance d apart. The ...

Determinants are mathematical objects that are very useful in the analysis and solution of systems of linear equations. As shown by Cramer's rule, a nonhomogeneous system of ...

The game of life is the best-known two-dimensional cellular automaton, invented by John H. Conway and popularized in Martin Gardner's Scientific American column starting in ...

Given a "good" graph G (i.e., one for which all intersecting graph edges intersect in a single point and arise from four distinct graph vertices), the crossing number is the ...

An independent vertex set of a graph G is a subset of the vertices such that no two vertices in the subset represent an edge of G. The figure above shows independent sets ...

A number is said to be simply normal to base b if its base-b expansion has each digit appearing with average frequency tending to b^(-1). A normal number is an irrational ...

In this work, the name Pythagoras's constant will be given to the square root of 2, sqrt(2)=1.4142135623... (1) (OEIS A002193), which the Pythagoreans proved to be ...

The rectilinear crossing number of a graph G is the minimum number of crossings in a straight line embedding of G in a plane. It is variously denoted rcr(G), cr^_(G) ...