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Two circles may intersect in two imaginary points, a single degenerate point, or two distinct points. The intersections of two circles determine a line known as the radical ...

A portion of a disk whose upper boundary is a (circular) arc and whose lower boundary is a chord making a central angle theta<pi radians (180 degrees), illustrated above as ...

The probability that a random integer between 1 and x will have its greatest prime factor <=x^alpha approaches a limiting value F(alpha) as x->infty, where F(alpha)=1 for ...

Pick three points P=(x_1,y_1), Q=(x_2,y_2), and R=(x_3,y_3) distributed independently and uniformly in a unit disk K (i.e., in the interior of the unit circle). Then the ...

The double factorial of a positive integer n is a generalization of the usual factorial n! defined by n!!={n·(n-2)...5·3·1 n>0 odd; n·(n-2)...6·4·2 n>0 even; 1 n=-1,0. (1) ...

The goat problem (or bull-tethering problem) considers a fenced circular field of radius a with a goat (or bull, or other animal) tied to a point on the interior or exterior ...

The golden ratio has decimal expansion phi=1.618033988749894848... (OEIS A001622). It can be computed to 10^(10) digits of precision in 24 CPU-minutes on modern hardware and ...

The Kakeya needle problems asks for the plane figure of least area in which a line segment of width 1 can be freely rotated (where translation of the segment is also ...

Find the plane lamina of least area A which is capable of covering any plane figure of unit generalized diameter. A unit circle is too small, but a hexagon circumscribed on ...

An unsolved problem in mathematics attributed to Lehmer (1933) that concerns the minimum Mahler measure M_1(P) for a univariate polynomial P(x) that is not a product of ...