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The conjugate gradient method can be viewed as a special variant of the Lanczos method for positive definite symmetric systems. The minimal residual method and symmetric LQ ...

A square matrix U is a unitary matrix if U^(H)=U^(-1), (1) where U^(H) denotes the conjugate transpose and U^(-1) is the matrix inverse. For example, A=[2^(-1/2) 2^(-1/2) 0; ...

An ambient isotopy from an embedding of a manifold M in N to another is a homotopy of self diffeomorphisms (or isomorphisms, or piecewise-linear transformations, etc.) of N, ...

A Banach algebra is an algebra B over a field F endowed with a norm ||·|| such that B is a Banach space under the norm ||·|| and ||xy||<=||x||||y||. F is frequently taken to ...

Let T be an ergodic endomorphism of the probability space X and let f:X->R be a real-valued measurable function. Then for almost every x in X, we have 1/nsum_(j=1)^nf ...

A generalization of Grassmann coordinates to m-D algebraic varieties of degree d in P^n, where P^n is an n-dimensional projective space. To define the Chow coordinates, take ...

It is conjectured that any convex body in n-dimensional Euclidean space has an interior point lying on normals through 2n distinct boundary points (Croft et al. 1991). This ...

The phrase "convergence in mean" is used in several branches of mathematics to refer to a number of different types of sequential convergence. In functional analysis, ...

A set in Euclidean space R^d is convex set if it contains all the line segments connecting any pair of its points. If the set does not contain all the line segments, it is ...

A group action G×X->X is effective if there are no trivial actions. In particular, this means that there is no element of the group (besides the identity element) which does ...