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The Laplace distribution, also called the double exponential distribution, is the distribution of differences between two independent variates with identical exponential ...

The Lebesgue integral is defined in terms of upper and lower bounds using the Lebesgue measure of a set. It uses a Lebesgue sum S_n=sum_(i)eta_imu(E_i) where eta_i is the ...

Little's law states that, under steady state conditions, the average number of items in a queuing system equals the average rate at which the items arrive multiplied by the ...

The Maxwell (or Maxwell-Boltzmann) distribution gives the distribution of speeds of molecules in thermal equilibrium as given by statistical mechanics. Defining a=sqrt(kT/m), ...

The nth raw moment mu_n^' (i.e., moment about zero) of a distribution P(x) is defined by mu_n^'=<x^n>, (1) where <f(x)>={sumf(x)P(x) discrete distribution; intf(x)P(x)dx ...

Let a set of random variates X_1, X_2, ..., X_n have a probability function P(X_1=x_1,...,X_n=x_n)=(N!)/(product_(i=1)^(n)x_i!)product_(i=1)^ntheta_i^(x_i) (1) where x_i are ...

A branch of mathematics which encompasses many diverse areas of minimization and optimization. Optimization theory is the more modern term for operations research. ...

Overdamped simple harmonic motion is a special case of damped simple harmonic motion x^..+betax^.+omega_0^2x=0, (1) in which beta^2-4omega_0^2>0. (2) Therefore ...

A Poisson process is a process satisfying the following properties: 1. The numbers of changes in nonoverlapping intervals are independent for all intervals. 2. The ...

Consider a bivariate normal distribution in variables x and y with covariance rho=rho_(11)=<xy>-<x><y> (1) and an arbitrary function g(x,y). Then the expected value of the ...