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The principal value of an analytic multivalued function is the single value chosen by convention to be returned for a given argument. Complex multivalued functions have ...

A typical vector (i.e., a vector such as the radius vector r) is transformed to its negative under inversion of its coordinate axes. Such "proper" vectors are known as polar ...

Quinn et al. (2007) investigated a class of N coupled oscillators whose bifurcation phase offset had a conjectured asymptotic behavior of sinphi∼1-c_1/N, with an experimental ...

A qubit (or quantum bit) is the analog of a bit for quantum computation. Unlike an ordinary bit, which may only assume two possible values (usually called 0 and 1), a qubit ...

The Racah V-coefficients are written V(j_1j_2j;m_1m_2m) (1) and are sometimes expressed using the related Clebsch-Gordan coefficients C_(m_1m_2)^j=(j_1j_2m_1m_2|j_1j_2jm), ...

The Racah W-coefficients, sometimes simply called the Racah coefficients (Shore and Menzel 1968, p. 279), are quantities introduced by Racah (1942) that are related to the ...

In the 1930s, Reidemeister first rigorously proved that knots exist which are distinct from the unknot. He did this by showing that all knot deformations can be reduced to a ...

Relaxation methods are methods of solving partial differential equations that involve splitting the sparse matrix that arises from finite differencing then iterating until a ...

The consideration of the result of a numerical calculation as a function of an adjustable parameter (usually the step size). The function can then be fitted and evaluated at ...

The differential equation where alpha+alpha^'+beta+beta^'+gamma+gamma^'=1, first obtained in the form by Papperitz (1885; Barnes 1908). Solutions are Riemann P-series ...