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The axis in three-dimensional Cartesian coordinates which is usually oriented vertically. Cylindrical coordinates are defined such that the z-axis is the axis about which the ...

The z-score associated with the ith observation of a random variable x is given by z_i=(x_i-x^_)/sigma, where x^_ is the mean and sigma the standard deviation of all ...

The term diamond is another word for a rhombus. The term is also used to denote a square tilted at a 45 degrees angle. The diamond shape is a special case of the superellipse ...

The quantum of a finite floating-point representation is the value of a unit in the last position of its significand. In general, the quantum is equal to the radix raised to ...

Stanley and Wilf conjectured (Bona 1997, Arratia 1999), that for every permutation pattern sigma, there is a constant c(sigma)<infty such that for all n, ...

Polynomials S_k(x) which form the Sheffer sequence for g(t) = e^(-t) (1) f^(-1)(t) = ln(1/(1-e^(-t))), (2) where f^(-1)(t) is the inverse function of f(t), and have ...

A double-toroidal graph is a graph with graph genus 2 (West 2000, p. 266). Planar and toroidal graphs are therefore not double-toroidal. Some known double-toroidal graphs on ...

The following are equivalent definitions for a Galois extension field (also simply known as a Galois extension) K of F. 1. K is the splitting field for a collection of ...

The graph strong product, also known as the graph AND product or graph normal product, is a graph product variously denoted G□AdjustmentBox[x, BoxMargins -> {{-0.65, ...

A group G is said to act on a set X when there is a map phi:G×X->X such that the following conditions hold for all elements x in X. 1. phi(e,x)=x where e is the identity ...