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The bracket polynomial is one-variable knot polynomial related to the Jones polynomial. The bracket polynomial, however, is not a topological invariant, since it is changed ...

Branch and bound algorithms are a variety of adaptive partition strategies have been proposed to solve global optimization models. These are based upon partition, sampling, ...

A Chen prime is a prime number p for which p+2 is either a prime or semiprime. Chen primes are named after Jing Run Chen who proved in 1966 that there are infinitely many ...

A reduction system is called confluent (or globally confluent) if, for all x, u, and w such that x->_*u and x->_*w, there exists a z such that u->_*z and w->_*z. A reduction ...

The cuban primes, named after differences between successive cubic numbers, have the form n^3-(n-1)^3. The first few are 7, 19, 37, 61, 127, 271, ... (OEIS A002407), which ...

An embedding is a representation of a topological object, manifold, graph, field, etc. in a certain space in such a way that its connectivity or algebraic properties are ...

In geometry, the term "enlargement" is a synonym for expansion. In nonstandard analysis, let X be a set of urelements, and let V(X) be the superstructure with individuals in ...

Let X be a set of urelements, and let V(^*X) be an enlargement of the superstructure V(X). Let A in V(X) be a finitary algebra with finitely many fundamental operations. Then ...

In mathematics, a formal language is normally defined by an alphabet and formation rules. The alphabet of a formal language is a set of symbols on which this language is ...

The Golay code is a perfect linear error-correcting code. There are two essentially distinct versions of the Golay code: a binary version and a ternary version. The binary ...