An embedding is a representation of a topological object, manifold, graph, field, etc. in a certain space in such a way that its connectivity or algebraic properties are preserved. For example, a field embedding preserves the algebraic structure of plus and times, an embedding of a topological space preserves open sets, and a graph embedding preserves connectivity.
One space
is embedded in another space
when the properties of
restricted to
are the same as the properties of
. For example, the rationals are embedded in the reals, and
the integers are embedded in the rationals. In geometry, the sphere is embedded in
as the unit sphere.
Let
and
be structures for the same first-order language
, and let
be a homomorphism from
to
.
Then
is an embedding provided that it is injective
(Enderton 1972, Grätzer 1979, Burris and Sankappanavar 1981).
For example, if
and
are partially ordered sets,
then an injective monotone mapping
may not be an embedding from
into
. To be an embedding, such a mapping must preserve
order "both ways":