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A pairing function is a function that reversibly maps Z^*×Z^* onto Z^*, where Z^*={0,1,2,...} denotes nonnegative integers. Pairing functions arise naturally in the ...

The term pairwise refers to taking all unordered 2-subsets of a given set. For example, the pairwise products of the set {a,b,c} are ab, ac, and bc.

The Paley class of a positive integer m=0 (mod 4) is defined as the set of all possible quadruples (k,e,q,n) where m=2^e(q^n+1), (1) q is an odd prime, and k={0 if q=0; 1 if ...

Proved in 1933. If q is an odd prime or q=0 and n is any positive integer, then there is a Hadamard matrix of order m=2^e(q^n+1), where e is any positive integer such that ...

A palindromic number is a number (in some base b) that is the same when written forwards or backwards, i.e., of the form a_1a_2...a_2a_1. The first few palindromic numbers ...

The two-dimensional version of the ham sandwich theorem.

A papal cross is a cross having three crossbars. A schematic polyomino version of a papal cross is illustrated above.

The Pappus configuration is the 9_3 configuration illustrated above that appears in Pappus's hexagon theorem. It is one of the three 9_3 configurations. The Levi graph of the ...

The Pappus spiral is the name given to the conical spiral with parametric equations x(t) = asin(alphat)cost (1) y(t) = asin(alphat)sint (2) x(t) = acos(alphat) (3) by ...

AW, AB, and AY in the above figure are in a harmonic range.