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The study of angles and of the angular relationships of planar and three-dimensional figures is known as trigonometry. The trigonometric functions (also called the circular ...

A trinomial coefficient is a coefficient of the trinomial triangle. Following the notation of Andrews (1990), the trinomial coefficient (n; k)_2, with n>=0 and -n<=k<=n, is ...

A universal cellular automaton is a cellular automaton which, like a Turing machine, exhibits universality. von Neumann proved that an automaton consisting of cells with four ...

A regular graph that is not strongly regular is known as a weakly regular graph. There are no weakly regular simple graphs on fewer than six nodes, and the numbers on n=6, 7, ...

The golden ratio, also known as the divine proportion, golden mean, or golden section, is a number often encountered when taking the ratios of distances in simple geometric ...

The Bessel functions of the first kind J_n(x) are defined as the solutions to the Bessel differential equation x^2(d^2y)/(dx^2)+x(dy)/(dx)+(x^2-n^2)y=0 (1) which are ...

The Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind are a set of orthogonal polynomials defined as the solutions to the Chebyshev differential equation and denoted T_n(x). They are ...

In general, there are two important types of curvature: extrinsic curvature and intrinsic curvature. The extrinsic curvature of curves in two- and three-space was the first ...

The derivative of a function represents an infinitesimal change in the function with respect to one of its variables. The "simple" derivative of a function f with respect to ...

By the duality principle, for every polyhedron, there exists another polyhedron in which faces and polyhedron vertices occupy complementary locations. This polyhedron is ...