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In two dimensions, there are two periodic circle packings for identical circles: square lattice and hexagonal lattice. In 1940, Fejes Tóth proved that the hexagonal lattice ...

A lossless data compression algorithm which uses a small number of bits to encode common characters. Huffman coding approximates the probability for each character as a power ...

The number of equivalent hyperspheres in n dimensions which can touch an equivalent hypersphere without any intersections, also sometimes called the Newton number, contact ...

A one-person game played on a rectangular lattice of lamps which can be turned on and off. A move consists of flipping a "switch" inside one of the squares, thereby toggling ...

In discrete percolation theory, bond percolation is a percolation model on a regular point lattice L=L^d in d-dimensional Euclidean space which considers the lattice graph ...

The Fibonacci number F_(n+1) gives the number of ways for 2×1 dominoes to cover a 2×n checkerboard, as illustrated in the diagrams above (Dickau). The numbers of domino ...

Let L denote the n×n square lattice with wraparound. Call an orientation of L an assignment of a direction to each edge of L, and denote the number of orientations of L such ...

In discrete percolation theory, site percolation is a percolation model on a regular point lattice L=L^d in d-dimensional Euclidean space which considers the lattice vertices ...

An archaic term for calculus.

A function used to study ordinary differential equations.