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A homeomorphism, also called a continuous transformation, is an equivalence relation and one-to-one correspondence between points in two geometric figures or topological ...

Let R[z]>0, 0<=alpha,beta<=1, and Lambda(alpha,beta,z)=sum_(r=0)^infty[lambda((r+alpha)z-ibeta)+lambda((r+1-alpha)z+ibeta)], (1) where lambda(x) = -ln(1-e^(-2pix)) (2) = ...

A beautiful general theorem of which the following two statements are special cases (Coxeter and Greitzer 1967, pp. 99-100). 1. If DeltaABC and DeltaA^'B^'C^' are two ...

If f:D->Y is a map (a.k.a. function, transformation, etc.) over a domain D, then the range of f, also called the image of D under f, is defined as the set of all values that ...

Special affine curvature, also called as the equi-affine or affine curvature, is a type of curvature for a plane curve that remains unchanged under a special affine ...

Spinor fields describing particles of zero rest mass satisfy the so-called zero rest mass equations. Examples of zero rest mass particles include the neutrino (a fermion) and ...

A conformal mapping, also called a conformal map, conformal transformation, angle-preserving transformation, or biholomorphic map, is a transformation w=f(z) that preserves ...

A left eigenvector is defined as a row vector X_L satisfying X_LA=lambda_LX_L. In many common applications, only right eigenvectors (and not left eigenvectors) need be ...

If two square n×n matrices A and B are simultaneously upper triangularizable by similarity transforms, then there is an ordering a_1, ..., a_n of the eigenvalues of A and ...

The eigenvalues lambda satisfying P(lambda)=0, where P(lambda) is the characteristic polynomial, lie in the unions of the disks |z|<=1 |z+b_1|<=sum_(j=1)^n|b_j|.