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Let K be a number field, then each fractional ideal I of K belongs to an equivalence class [I] consisting of all fractional ideals J satisfying I=alphaJ for some nonzero ...

The clique covering number theta(G) of a graph G is the minimum number of cliques in G needed to cover the vertex set of G. Since theta(G) involves the minimum number of ...

The colon is the symbol ":". It is used in a number of different ways in mathematics. 1. To denote ratio or odds, as in 2:1 (voiced "two to one"). 2. To mean such that in ...

If the four points making up a quadrilateral are joined pairwise by six distinct lines, a figure known as a complete quadrangle results. A complete quadrangle is therefore a ...

A set of quadratic surfaces which share foci. Ellipsoids and one- and two-sheeted hyperboloids can be confocal. These three types of surfaces can be combined to form an ...

Consider a convex plane curve K with perimeter L, and the set of points P exterior to K. Further, let t_1 and t_2 be the perpendicular distances from P to K (with ...

The Curry triangle, also sometimes called the missing square puzzle, is a dissection fallacy created by American neuropsychiatrist L. Vosburgh Lions as an example of a ...

A cusp form is a modular form for which the coefficient c(0)=0 in the Fourier series f(tau)=sum_(n=0)^inftyc(n)e^(2piintau) (1) (Apostol 1997, p. 114). The only entire cusp ...

A Dedekind ring is a commutative ring in which the following hold. 1. It is a Noetherian ring and a integral domain. 2. It is the set of algebraic integers in its field of ...

The Descartes snarks are a set of snarks on 210 vertices and 315 edges discovered by William Tutte in 1948 writing under the pseudonym Blanche Descartes (Descartes 1948; ...