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Given a plane ax+by+cz+d=0 (1) and a point x_0=(x_0,y_0,z_0), the normal vector to the plane is given by v=[a; b; c], (2) and a vector from the plane to the point is given by ...

There are at least two integrals called the Poisson integral. The first is also known as Bessel's second integral, ...

A prime factorization algorithm which can be implemented in a single-step or double-step form. In the single-step version, a prime factor p of a number n can be found if p-1 ...

A symbol used to distinguish one quantity x^' ("x prime") from another related x. Prime marks are most commonly used to denote 1. Transformed coordinates, 2. Conjugate ...

The index I associated to a symmetric, non-degenerate, and bilinear g over a finite-dimensional vector space V is a nonnegative integer defined by I=max_(W in S)(dimW) where ...

The radius of curvature is given by R=1/(|kappa|), (1) where kappa is the curvature. At a given point on a curve, R is the radius of the osculating circle. The symbol rho is ...

Let the two-dimensional cylinder function be defined by f(x,y)={1 for r<R; 0 for r>R. (1) Then the Radon transform is given by ...

The number of ways N(m,n) of finding a subrectangle with an m×n rectangle can be computed by counting the number of ways in which the upper right-hand corner can be selected ...

A real-valued univariate function f=f(x) is said to have a removable discontinuity at a point x_0 in its domain provided that both f(x_0) and lim_(x->x_0)f(x)=L<infty (1) ...

The rule which determines the orientation of the cross product u×v. The right-hand rule states that the orientation of the vectors' cross product is determined by placing u ...