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There are two definitions of the Carmichael function. One is the reduced totient function (also called the least universal exponent function), defined as the smallest integer ...

The central beta function is defined by beta(p)=B(p,p), (1) where B(p,q) is the beta function. It satisfies the identities beta(p) = 2^(1-2p)B(p,1/2) (2) = ...

The Chebotarev density theorem is a complicated theorem in algebraic number theory which yields an asymptotic formula for the density of prime ideals of a number field K that ...

A circumellipse is a circumconic of a triangle that is an ellipse. There is an amazing formula for the area of a circumellipse. Let d_A be the length of the chord of the ...

The downward Clenshaw recurrence formula evaluates a sum of products of indexed coefficients by functions which obey a recurrence relation. If f(x)=sum_(k=0)^Nc_kF_k(x) (1) ...

Codimension is a term used in a number of algebraic and geometric contexts to indicate the difference between the dimension of certain objects and the dimension of a smaller ...

The Copeland-Erdős constant is the constant with decimal expansion 0.23571113171923... (OEIS A033308) obtained by concatenating consecutive primes: 2, 23, 235, 2357, 235711, ...

An order-n Costas array is a permutation on {1,...,n} such that the distances in each row of the triangular difference table are distinct. For example, the permutation ...

A special case of Apollonius' problem requiring the determination of a circle touching three mutually tangent circles (also called the kissing circles problem). There are two ...

The total angular defect is the sum of the angular defects over all polyhedron vertices of a polyhedron, where the angular defect delta at a given polyhedron vertex is the ...