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Let 0<k^2<1. The incomplete elliptic integral of the third kind is then defined as Pi(n;phi,k) = int_0^phi(dtheta)/((1-nsin^2theta)sqrt(1-k^2sin^2theta)) (1) = ...

A second-order partial differential equation, i.e., one of the form Au_(xx)+2Bu_(xy)+Cu_(yy)+Du_x+Eu_y+F=0, (1) is called elliptic if the matrix Z=[A B; B C] (2) is positive ...

A map projection in which areas on a sphere, and the areas of any features contained on it, are mapped to the plane in such a way that two are related by a constant scaling ...

The general nonhomogeneous differential equation is given by x^2(d^2y)/(dx^2)+alphax(dy)/(dx)+betay=S(x), (1) and the homogeneous equation is x^2y^('')+alphaxy^'+betay=0 (2) ...

Let four lines in a plane represent four roads in general position, and let one traveler T_i be walking along each road at a constant (but not necessarily equal to any other ...

In 1750, Benjamin Franklin constructed the above 8×8 semimagic square having magic constant 260. Any half-row or half-column in this square totals 130, and the four corners ...

Let Omega be an open, bounded, and connected subset of R^d for some d and let dx denote d-dimensional Lebesgue measure on R^d. In functional analysis, the Friedrichs ...

A transformation from one reference frame to another moving with a constant velocity v with respect to the first for classical motion. However, special relativity shows that ...

The study of the probabilities involved in geometric problems, e.g., the distributions of length, area, volume, etc. for geometric objects under stated conditions. The ...

Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization, also called the Gram-Schmidt process, is a procedure which takes a nonorthogonal set of linearly independent functions and constructs an ...