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The complex numbers are the field C of numbers of the form x+iy, where x and y are real numbers and i is the imaginary unit equal to the square root of -1, sqrt(-1). When a ...

A set of quadratic surfaces which share foci. Ellipsoids and one- and two-sheeted hyperboloids can be confocal. These three types of surfaces can be combined to form an ...

A contravariant tensor is a tensor having specific transformation properties (cf., a covariant tensor). To examine the transformation properties of a contravariant tensor, ...

A coordinate chart is a way of expressing the points of a small neighborhood, usually on a manifold M, as coordinates in Euclidean space. An example from geography is the ...

The correlation coefficient, sometimes also called the cross-correlation coefficient, Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC), Pearson's r, the Perason product-moment ...

A positive integer: 1, 2, 3, 4, ... (OEIS A000027), also called a natural number. However, zero (0) is sometimes also included in the list of counting numbers. Due to lack of ...

A family gamma of nonempty subsets of X whose union contains the given set X (and which contains no duplicated subsets) is called a cover (or covering) of X. For example, ...

Given a set of linear equations {a_1x+b_1y+c_1z=d_1; a_2x+b_2y+c_2z=d_2; a_3x+b_3y+c_3z=d_3, (1) consider the determinant D=|a_1 b_1 c_1; a_2 b_2 c_2; a_3 b_3 c_3|. (2) Now ...

Consider a convex plane curve K with perimeter L, and the set of points P exterior to K. Further, let t_1 and t_2 be the perpendicular distances from P to K (with ...

The cube-connected cycle graph of order n is the graph obtained by replacing each vertex in a n-dimensional hypercube by a cycle of length n. They were introduced by ...