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A ring in the mathematical sense is a set S together with two binary operators + and * (commonly interpreted as addition and multiplication, respectively) satisfying the ...

A function tau(n) related to the divisor function sigma_k(n), also sometimes called Ramanujan's tau function. It is defined via the Fourier series of the modular discriminant ...

An nth-rank tensor in m-dimensional space is a mathematical object that has n indices and m^n components and obeys certain transformation rules. Each index of a tensor ranges ...

The Gauss-Kuzmin distribution is the distribution of occurrences of a positive integer k in the continued fraction of a random (or "generic") real number. Consider xi_n ...

Starting with the circle P_1 tangent to the three semicircles forming the arbelos, construct a chain of tangent circles P_i, all tangent to one of the two small interior ...

A point lattice is a regularly spaced array of points. In the plane, point lattices can be constructed having unit cells in the shape of a square, rectangle, hexagon, etc. ...

The term "square" can be used to mean either a square number ("x^2 is the square of x") or a geometric figure consisting of a convex quadrilateral with sides of equal length ...

There are (at least) three different types of points known as Steiner points. The point S of concurrence of the three lines drawn through the vertices of a triangle parallel ...

Two circles with centers at (x_i,y_i) with radii r_i for i=1,2 are mutually tangent if (x_1-x_2)^2+(y_1-y_2)^2=(r_1+/-r_2)^2. (1) If the center of the second circle is inside ...

A quadrilateral, sometimes also known as a tetragon or quadrangle (Johnson 1929, p. 61) is a four-sided polygon. If not explicitly stated, all four polygon vertices are ...