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The Menger sponge is a fractal which is the three-dimensional analog of the Sierpiński carpet. The nth iteration of the Menger sponge is implemented in the Wolfram Language ...

A merge sort (or collation sort) is the combination of two or more ordered lists into a single ordered list (Knuth 1998, p. 158). Merge sorting was one of the first methods ...

Mills' theorem states that there exists a real constant A such that |_A^(3^n)_| is prime for all positive integers n (Mills 1947). While for each value of c>=2.106, there are ...

A minimal cover is a cover for which removal of any single member destroys the covering property. For example, of the five covers of {1,2}, namely {{1},{2}}, {{1,2}}, ...

There are two versions of the moat-crossing problem, one geometric and one algebraic. The geometric moat problems asks for the widest moat Rapunzel can cross to escape if she ...

A modified spherical Bessel function of the first kind (Abramowitz and Stegun 1972), also called a "spherical modified Bessel function of the first kind" (Arfken 1985), is ...

A modified spherical Bessel function of the second kind, also called a "spherical modified Bessel function of the first kind" (Arfken 1985) or (regrettably) a "modified ...

A permutation problem invented by Cayley. Let the numbers 1, 2, ..., n be written on a set of cards, and shuffle this deck of cards. Now, start counting using the top card. ...

What is the sofa of greatest area S which can be moved around a right-angled hallway of unit width? Hammersley (Croft et al. 1994) showed that S>=pi/2+2/pi=2.2074... (1) ...

A set n distinct numbers taken from the interval [1,n^2] form a magic series if their sum is the nth magic constant M_n=1/2n(n^2+1) (Kraitchik 1942, p. 143). If the sum of ...