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The Weierstrass substitution is the trigonometric substitution t=tan(theta/2) which transforms an integral of the form intf(costheta,sintheta)dtheta into one of the form ...

Let f(theta) be Lebesgue integrable and let f(r,theta)=1/(2pi)int_(-pi)^pif(t)(1-r^2)/(1-2rcos(t-theta)+r^2)dt (1) be the corresponding Poisson integral. Then almost ...

The length of the polygonal spiral is found by noting that the ratio of inradius to circumradius of a regular polygon of n sides is r/R=(cot(pi/n))/(csc(pi/n))=cos(pi/n). (1) ...

The transcendence degree of Q(pi), sometimes called the transcendental degree, is one because it is generated by one extra element. In contrast, Q(pi,pi^2) (which is the same ...

The triangle function is the function Lambda(x) = {0 |x|>=1; 1-|x| |x|<1 (1) = Pi(x)*Pi(x) (2) = Pi(x)*H(x+1/2)-Pi(x)*H(x-1/2), (3) where Pi(x) is the rectangle function, ...

An algorithm which finds a polynomial recurrence for terminating hypergeometric identities of the form sum_(k)(n; ...

Since the derivative of a constant is zero, any constant may be added to an indefinite integral (i.e., antiderivative) and will still correspond to the same integral. Another ...

A pullback is a general categorical operation appearing in a number of mathematical contexts, sometimes going under a different name. If T:V->W is a linear transformation ...

Let V be an n-dimensional linear space over a field K, and let Q be a quadratic form on V. A Clifford algebra is then defined over T(V)/I(Q), where T(V) is the tensor algebra ...

The Engel expansion, also called the Egyptian product, of a positive real number x is the unique increasing sequence {a_1,a_2,...} of positive integers a_i such that ...