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Marsaglia (1972) has given a simple method for selecting points with a uniform distribution on the surface of a 4-sphere. This is accomplished by picking two pairs of points ...

Given a random variable x and a probability density function P(x), if there exists an h>0 such that M(t)=<e^(tx)> (1) for |t|<h, where <y> denotes the expectation value of y, ...

The nth raw moment mu_n^' (i.e., moment about zero) of a distribution P(x) is defined by mu_n^'=<x^n>, (1) where <f(x)>={sumf(x)P(x) discrete distribution; intf(x)P(x)dx ...

A Poisson process is a process satisfying the following properties: 1. The numbers of changes in nonoverlapping intervals are independent for all intervals. 2. The ...

The probability Q_delta that a random sample from an infinite normally distributed universe will have a mean m within a distance |delta| of the mean mu of the universe is ...

For a set of n numbers or values of a discrete distribution x_i, ..., x_n, the root-mean-square (abbreviated "RMS" and sometimes called the quadratic mean), is the square ...

A foliation F of dimension p on a manifold M is transversely orientable if it is integral to a p-plane distribution D on M whose normal bundle Q is orientable. A p-plane ...

The word quantile has no fewer than two distinct meanings in probability. Specific elements x in the range of a variate X are called quantiles, and denoted x (Evans et al. ...

A phenomenological law also called the first digit law, first digit phenomenon, or leading digit phenomenon. Benford's law states that in listings, tables of statistics, ...

The Jacobi polynomials, also known as hypergeometric polynomials, occur in the study of rotation groups and in the solution to the equations of motion of the symmetric top. ...