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A contingency table, sometimes called a two-way frequency table, is a tabular mechanism with at least two rows and two columns used in statistics to present categorical data ...

"Casting out nines" is an elementary check of a multiplication which makes use of the congruence 10^n=1 (mod 9). Let decimal numbers be written a=a_n...a_2a_1a_0, ...

The number of degrees of freedom in a problem, distribution, etc., is the number of parameters which may be independently varied.

If lim_(k->infty)u_k!=0, then the series {u_n} diverges.

The Fermat number F_n is prime iff 3^(2^(2^n-1))=-1 (mod F_n).

Calculus I

The Knuth-Bendix completion algorithm attempts to transform a finite set of identities into a finitely terminating, confluent term rewriting system whose reductions preserve ...

The traveling salesman problem is a problem in graph theory requiring the most efficient (i.e., least total distance) Hamiltonian cycle a salesman can take through each of n ...

Let f(x) be a monic polynomial of degree d with discriminant Delta. Then an odd integer n with (n,f(0)Delta)=1 is called a Frobenius pseudoprime with respect to f(x) if it ...

The Jacobian of the derivatives partialf/partialx_1, partialf/partialx_2, ..., partialf/partialx_n of a function f(x_1,x_2,...,x_n) with respect to x_1, x_2, ..., x_n is ...