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The Bessel differential equation is the linear second-order ordinary differential equation given by x^2(d^2y)/(dx^2)+x(dy)/(dx)+(x^2-n^2)y=0. (1) Equivalently, dividing ...

The term "vesica piscis," meaning "fish bladder" in Latin, is used for the particular symmetric lens formed by the intersection of two equal circles whose centers are offset ...

Let z=re^(itheta)=x+iy be a complex number, then inequality |(zexp(sqrt(1-z^2)))/(1+sqrt(1-z^2))|<=1 (1) holds in the lens-shaped region illustrated above. Written explicitly ...

Kepler's equation gives the relation between the polar coordinates of a celestial body (such as a planet) and the time elapsed from a given initial point. Kepler's equation ...

The Bessel functions of the first kind J_n(x) are defined as the solutions to the Bessel differential equation x^2(d^2y)/(dx^2)+x(dy)/(dx)+(x^2-n^2)y=0 (1) which are ...

Calculus II

A series is said to be conditionally convergent iff it is convergent, the series of its positive terms diverges to positive infinity, and the series of its negative terms ...

A power series sum^(infty)c_kx^k will converge only for certain values of x. For instance, sum_(k=0)^(infty)x^k converges for -1<x<1. In general, there is always an interval ...

A set of functions {f_1(n,x),f_2(n,x)} is termed a complete biorthogonal system in the closed interval R if, they are biorthogonal, i.e., int_Rf_1(m,x)f_1(n,x)dx = ...

Let phi(t)=sum_(n=0)^(infty)A_nt^n be any function for which the integral I(x)=int_0^inftye^(-tx)t^pphi(t)dt converges. Then the expansion where Gamma(z) is the gamma ...