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The octahedral equation, by way of analogy with the icosahedral equation, is a set of related equations derived from the projective geometry of the octahedron. Consider an ...

The odd divisor function sigma_k^((o))(n)=sum_(d|n; d odd)d^k (1) is the sum of kth powers of the odd divisors of a number n. It is the analog of the divisor function for odd ...

The integer sequence defined by the recurrence relation P(n)=P(n-2)+P(n-3) (1) with the initial conditions P(0)=P(1)=P(2)=1. This is the same recurrence relation as for the ...

The notion of parallel transport on a manifold M makes precise the idea of translating a vector field V along a differentiable curve to attain a new vector field V^' which is ...

The parity of an integer is its attribute of being even or odd. Thus, it can be said that 6 and 14 have the same parity (since both are even), whereas 7 and 12 have opposite ...

Partial derivatives are defined as derivatives of a function of multiple variables when all but the variable of interest are held fixed during the differentiation. (1) The ...

The path covering number (or path-covering number; Slater 1972) of a graph G, variously denoted as summarized below, is the minimum number of vertex-disjoint paths that cover ...

A space-filling function which maps a one-dimensional interval into a two-dimensional area. Plane-filling functions were thought to be impossible until Hilbert discovered the ...

A polynomial discriminant is the product of the squares of the differences of the polynomial roots r_i. The discriminant of a polynomial is defined only up to constant ...

Porter's constant is the constant appearing in formulas for the efficiency of the Euclidean algorithm, C = (6ln2)/(pi^2)[3ln2+4gamma-(24)/(pi^2)zeta^'(2)-2]-1/2 (1) = ...