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Let Sigma(n)=sum_(i=1)^np_i (1) be the sum of the first n primes (i.e., the sum analog of the primorial function). The first few terms are 2, 5, 10, 17, 28, 41, 58, 77, ... ...

pi has decimal expansion given by pi=3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197... (1) (OEIS A000796). The following table summarizes some record computations of the digits of ...

The arithmetic-geometric mean agm(a,b) of two numbers a and b (often also written AGM(a,b) or M(a,b)) is defined by starting with a_0=a and b_0=b, then iterating a_(n+1) = ...

The arithmetic mean of a set of values is the quantity commonly called "the" mean or the average. Given a set of samples {x_i}, the arithmetic mean is x^_=1/Nsum_(i=1)^Nx_i. ...

Find the shape of the curve down which a bead sliding from rest and accelerated by gravity will slip (without friction) from one point to another in the least time. The term ...

An idealized coin consists of a circular disk of zero thickness which, when thrown in the air and allowed to fall, will rest with either side face up ("heads" H or "tails" T) ...

A (finite, circular) conical surface is a ruled surface created by fixing one end of a line segment at a point (known as the vertex or apex of the cone) and sweeping the ...

Eigenvalues are a special set of scalars associated with a linear system of equations (i.e., a matrix equation) that are sometimes also known as characteristic roots, ...

The finite difference is the discrete analog of the derivative. The finite forward difference of a function f_p is defined as Deltaf_p=f_(p+1)-f_p, (1) and the finite ...

The function frac(x) giving the fractional (noninteger) part of a real number x. The symbol {x} is sometimes used instead of frac(x) (Graham et al. 1994, p. 70; Havil 2003, ...