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The study of angles and of the angular relationships of planar and three-dimensional figures is known as trigonometry. The trigonometric functions (also called the circular ...

A closed sentential formula is a sentential formula in which none of the variables are free (i.e., all variables are bound). Examples of closed sentential formulas are given ...

The BBP (named after Bailey-Borwein-Plouffe) is a formula for calculating pi discovered by Simon Plouffe in 1995, ...

A well-formed formula B is said to be true for the interpretation M (written |=_MB) iff every sequence in Sigma (the set of all denumerable sequences of elements of the ...

Archimedes' cattle problem, also called the bovinum problema, or Archimedes' reverse, is stated as follows: "The sun god had a herd of cattle consisting of bulls and cows, ...

A branch cut is a curve (with ends possibly open, closed, or half-open) in the complex plane across which an analytic multivalued function is discontinuous. For convenience, ...

An Eisenstein series with half-period ratio tau and index r is defined by G_r(tau)=sum^'_(m=-infty)^inftysum^'_(n=-infty)^infty1/((m+ntau)^r), (1) where the sum sum^(') ...

The Galton board, also known as a quincunx or bean machine, is a device for statistical experiments named after English scientist Sir Francis Galton. It consists of an ...

Let omega_1 and omega_2 be periods of a doubly periodic function, with tau=omega_2/omega_1 the half-period ratio a number with I[tau]!=0. Then Klein's absolute invariant ...

The Hankel functions of the first kind are defined as H_n^((1))(z)=J_n(z)+iY_n(z), (1) where J_n(z) is a Bessel function of the first kind and Y_n(z) is a Bessel function of ...