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If three circles A, B, and C are taken in pairs, the external similarity points of the three pairs lie on a straight line. Similarly, the external similarity point of one ...

Barycentric coordinates (t_1,t_2,t_3) normalized so that they become the areas of the triangles PA_1A_2, PA_1A_3, and PA_2A_3, where P is the point whose coordinates have ...

The Meringer graph is one of the four (5,5)-cage graphs, discovered by Meringer (1999) after it had long been thought that only three such cages existed. Like the other ...

In the plane, the reflection property can be stated as three theorems (Ogilvy 1990, pp. 73-77): 1. The locus of the center of a variable circle, tangent to a fixed circle and ...

Cauchy's integral formula states that f(z_0)=1/(2pii)∮_gamma(f(z)dz)/(z-z_0), (1) where the integral is a contour integral along the contour gamma enclosing the point z_0. It ...

The constant a_(-1) in the Laurent series f(z)=sum_(n=-infty)^inftya_n(z-z_0)^n (1) of f(z) about a point z_0 is called the residue of f(z). If f is analytic at z_0, its ...

The tangent space at a point p in an abstract manifold M can be described without the use of embeddings or coordinate charts. The elements of the tangent space are called ...

If an integrable quasiperiodic system is slightly perturbed so that it becomes nonintegrable, only a finite number of n-map cycles remain as a result of mode locking. One ...

A real-valued univariate function f=f(x) has a jump discontinuity at a point x_0 in its domain provided that lim_(x->x_0-)f(x)=L_1<infty (1) and lim_(x->x_0+)f(x)=L_2<infty ...

A path composed of connected horizontal and vertical line segments, each passing between adjacent lattice points. A lattice path is therefore a sequence of points P_0, P_1, ...