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Given a set S with a subset E, the complement (denoted E^' or E^_) of E with respect to S is defined as E^'={F:F in S,F not in E}. (1) Using set difference notation, the ...

A labeled binary tree containing the labels 1 to n with root 1, branches leading to nodes labeled 2 and 3, branches from these leading to 4, 5 and 6, 7, respectively, and so ...

The coversine is a little-used entire trigonometric function defined by covers(z) = versin(1/2pi-z) (1) = 1-sinz, (2) where versin(z) is the versine and sinz is the sine. The ...

There are a number of attractive cube 25-compounds. One can be constructed from the vertices of the second dodecahedron 6-compound (or second tetrahedron 50-compound) and ...

Let M(h) be the moment-generating function, then the cumulant generating function is given by K(h) = lnM(h) (1) = kappa_1h+1/(2!)h^2kappa_2+1/(3!)h^3kappa_3+..., (2) where ...

The cylinder function is defined as C(x,y)={1 for sqrt(x^2+y^2)<=a; 0 for sqrt(x^2+y^2)>a. (1) The Bessel functions are sometimes also called cylinder functions. To find the ...

The unique even prime number 2. All other primes are odd primes. Humorously, that means 2 is the "oddest" prime of all. The sequence 2, 4, 6, 10, 14, 22, 26, 34, 38, ... ...

The trilinear coordinates alpha:beta:gamma of a point P relative to a reference triangle are proportional to the directed distances a^':b^':c^' from P to the side lines of ...

The expectation value of a function f(x) in a variable x is denoted <f(x)> or E{f(x)}. For a single discrete variable, it is defined by <f(x)>=sum_(x)f(x)P(x), (1) where P(x) ...

In Season 4 episode "Black Swan" of the television crime drama NUMB3RS, the character Amita Ramanujan refers to graph entropies when studying a map of the Los Angeles while ...