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The Hilbert curve is a Lindenmayer system invented by Hilbert (1891) whose limit is a plane-filling function which fills a square. Traversing the polyhedron vertices of an ...

An invertible knot is a knot that can be deformed via an ambient isotopy into itself but with the orientation reversed. A knot that is not invertible is said to be ...

The Jacobian conjecture in the plane, first stated by Keller (1939), states that given a ring map F of C[x,y] (the polynomial ring in two variables over the complex numbers ...

A Laman graph is a graph satisfying Laman's theorem. In other words, it is a graph G have exactly 2n-3 graph edges, where n is the number of graph vertices in G and for which ...

A Lorentz transformation is a four-dimensional transformation x^('mu)=Lambda^mu_nux^nu, (1) satisfied by all four-vectors x^nu, where Lambda^mu_nu is a so-called Lorentz ...

A second-order algebraic surface given by the general equation (1) Quadratic surfaces are also called quadrics, and there are 17 standard-form types. A quadratic surface ...

The word quadrature has (at least) three incompatible meanings. Integration by quadrature either means solving an integral analytically (i.e., symbolically in terms of known ...

The real projective plane is the closed topological manifold, denoted RP^2, that is obtained by projecting the points of a plane E from a fixed point P (not on the plane), ...

When discussing a rotation, there are two possible conventions: rotation of the axes, and rotation of the object relative to fixed axes. In R^2, consider the matrix that ...

Abstractly, a spatial configuration F is said to possess rotational symmetry if F remains invariant under the group C=C(F). Here, C(F) denotes the group of rotations of F and ...