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In 1704, Sebastien Truchet considered all possible patterns formed by tilings of right triangles oriented at the four corners of a square (Wolfram 2002, p. 875). Truchet's ...

The Tschirnhausen cubic is a plane curve given by the polar equation r=asec^3(1/3theta). (1) Letting theta=3tan^(-1)t gives the parametric equations x = a(1-3t^2) (2) y = ...

A hyperboloid is a quadratic surface which may be one- or two-sheeted. The two-sheeted hyperboloid is a surface of revolution obtained by rotating a hyperbola about the line ...

Roman (1984, p. 2) describes umbral calculus as the study of the class of Sheffer sequences. Umbral calculus provides a formalism for the systematic derivation and ...

Multiple series generalizations of basic hypergeometric series over the unitary groups U(n+1). The fundamental theorem of U(n) series takes c_1, ..., c_n and x_1, ..., x_n as ...

A paradox also known as the surprise examination paradox or prediction paradox. A prisoner is told that he will be hanged on some day between Monday and Friday, but that he ...

A sequence of functions {f_n}, n=1, 2, 3, ... is said to be uniformly convergent to f for a set E of values of x if, for each epsilon>0, an integer N can be found such that ...

A uniquely pancyclic graph is a graph that has exactly one cycle of each length between 3 and the graph's vertex count. Uniquely pancyclic graphs are therefore a special case ...

If ABB^' and AC^'C are straight lines with BC and B^'C^' intersecting at D and AB+BD=AC^'+C^'D, then AB^'+B^'D=AC+CD. The origin and some history of this theorem are ...

A Vandermonde matrix is a type of matrix that arises in the polynomial least squares fitting, Lagrange interpolating polynomials (Hoffman and Kunze p. 114), and the ...