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The angles mpi/n (with m,n integers) for which the trigonometric functions may be expressed in terms of finite root extraction of real numbers are limited to values of m ...

The Lucas numbers are the sequence of integers {L_n}_(n=1)^infty defined by the linear recurrence equation L_n=L_(n-1)+L_(n-2) (1) with L_1=1 and L_2=3. The nth Lucas number ...

The Möbius strip, also called the twisted cylinder (Henle 1994, p. 110), is a one-sided nonorientable surface obtained by cutting a closed band into a single strip, giving ...

Solve the Pell equation x^2-92y^2=1 in integers. The smallest solution is x=1151, y=120.

A square number, also called a perfect square, is a figurate number of the form S_n=n^2, where n is an integer. The square numbers for n=0, 1, ... are 0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, ...

A polyhedral graph corresponding to the skeleton of a Platonic solid. The five platonic graphs, the tetrahedral graph, cubical graph, octahedral graph, dodecahedral graph, ...

A quadratic polynomial is a polynomial of degree 2. A univariate quadratic polynomial has the form f(x)=a_2x^2+a_1x+a_0. An equation involving a quadratic polynomial is ...

A mathematical relationship expressing f_n as some combination of f_i with i<n. When formulated as an equation to be solved, recurrence relations are known as recurrence ...

Algebra

A ring is commutative if the multiplication operation is commutative.