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The exploration of three-dimensional space from two-dimensional sections of projections of solid bodies.

For any two points x,y in X, there is an open set U such that x in U and y not in U or y in U and x not in U. A space fulfilling this axiom is called a T0-space.

X fulfils the T1-separation axiom and is regular. A space satisfying the T_3-separation axiom is said to be a T3-space.

Maximize the amount of floor space which can be covered with a fixed tile (Hoffman 1998, p. 173).

An open three-manifold which is simply connected but is topologically distinct from Euclidean three-space.

The probability law on the space of continuous functions g with g(0)=0, induced by the Wiener process.

Cohomology is an invariant of a topological space, formally "dual" to homology, and so it detects "holes" in a space. Cohomology has more algebraic structure than homology, ...

A compactum (plural: compacta) is a compact metric space. An example of a compactum is any finite discrete metric space. Also, the space [0,1] union [2,3] is a compactum, ...

A plot in the complex plane of the points B(t)=S(t)+iC(t), (1) where S(t) and C(t) are the Fresnel integrals (von Seggern 2007, p. 210; Gray 1997, p. 65). The Cornu spiral is ...

The solid angle Omega subtended by a surface S is defined as the surface area Omega of a unit sphere covered by the surface's projection onto the sphere. This can be written ...