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A prime factorization algorithm which can be implemented in a single-step or double-step form. In the single-step version, a prime factor p of a number n can be found if p-1 ...

A symbol used to distinguish one quantity x^' ("x prime") from another related x. Prime marks are most commonly used to denote 1. Transformed coordinates, 2. Conjugate ...

The index I associated to a symmetric, non-degenerate, and bilinear g over a finite-dimensional vector space V is a nonnegative integer defined by I=max_(W in S)(dimW) where ...

The radius of curvature is given by R=1/(|kappa|), (1) where kappa is the curvature. At a given point on a curve, R is the radius of the osculating circle. The symbol rho is ...

Let the two-dimensional cylinder function be defined by f(x,y)={1 for r<R; 0 for r>R. (1) Then the Radon transform is given by ...

The number of ways N(m,n) of finding a subrectangle with an m×n rectangle can be computed by counting the number of ways in which the upper right-hand corner can be selected ...

A real-valued univariate function f=f(x) is said to have a removable discontinuity at a point x_0 in its domain provided that both f(x_0) and lim_(x->x_0)f(x)=L<infty (1) ...

The rule which determines the orientation of the cross product u×v. The right-hand rule states that the orientation of the vectors' cross product is determined by placing u ...

If the sides of a triangle are divided in the ratios lambda:1, mu:1, and nu:1, the cevians form a central triangle whose area is ...

The spherical curve obtained when moving along the surface of a sphere with constant speed, while maintaining a constant angular velocity with respect to a fixed diameter ...