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The symbol ldx is occasionally used in German literature to refer to the binary logarithm. However, the United States Department of Commerce recommends that the notation lbx ...

A rooted tree in which the order of the subtrees is significant. There is a one-to-one correspondence between ordered forests with n nodes and binary trees with n nodes.

A ringoid is a set R with two binary operators, conventionally denoted addition (+) and multiplication (×), where × distributes over + left and right: a(b+c)=ab+ac and ...

A semiring is a set together with two binary operators S(+,*) satisfying the following conditions: 1. Additive associativity: For all a,b,c in S, (a+b)+c=a+(b+c), 2. Additive ...

Take x itself to be a bracketing, then recursively define a bracketing as a sequence B=(B_1,...,B_k) where k>=2 and each B_i is a bracketing. A bracketing can be represented ...

A connective in logic which yields true if any one of a sequence conditions is true, and false if all conditions are false. In formal logic, the term disjunction (or, more ...

A sequence which arises in the hypothetical reproduction of a population of rabbits. Let the substitution system map 0->1 correspond to young rabbits growing old, and 1->10 ...

The Baum-Sweet sequence is the sequence of numbers {b_n} such that b_n=1 if the binary representation of n contains no block of consecutive 0s of odd length, and b_n=0 ...

The two-dimensional Hammersley point set of order m is defined by taking all numbers in the range from 0 to 2^m-1 and interpreting them as binary fractions. Calling these ...

The sum I over all internal (circular) nodes of the paths from the root of an extended binary tree to each node. For example, in the tree above, the internal path length is ...