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The smallest positive composite number and the first even perfect square. Four is the smallest even number appearing in a Pythagorean triple: 3, 4, 5. In the numerology of ...

The smallest composite squarefree number (2·3), and the third triangular number (3(3+1)/2). It is the also smallest perfect number, since 6=1+2+3. The number 6 arises in ...

65537 is the largest known Fermat prime, and the 65537-gon is therefore a constructible polygon using compass and straightedge, as proved by Gauss. The 65537-gon has so many ...

An infinite sequence of positive integers a_i satisfying 1<=a_1<a_2<a_3<... (1) is an A-sequence if no a_k is the sum of two or more distinct earlier terms (Guy 1994). Such ...

A connective in logic which yields true if all conditions are true, and false if any condition is false. A AND B is denoted A ^ B (Mendelson 1997, p. 12), A&B, A intersection ...

A mechanical counting device consisting of a frame holding a series of parallel rods on each of which beads are strung. Each bead represents a counting unit, and each rod a ...

The following integral transform relationship, known as the Abel transform, exists between two functions f(x) and g(t) for 0<alpha<1, f(x) = int_0^x(g(t)dt)/((x-t)^alpha) (1) ...

A real number that is b-normal for every base 2, 3, 4, ... is said to be absolutely normal. As proved by Borel (1922, p. 198), almost all real numbers in [0,1) are absolutely ...

The abundance of a number n, sometimes also called the abundancy (a term which in this work, is reserved for a different but related quantity), is the quantity ...

Let a particle travel a distance s(t) as a function of time t (here, s can be thought of as the arc length of the curve traced out by the particle). The speed (the scalar ...