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Zeno's paradoxes are a set of four paradoxes dealing with counterintuitive aspects of continuous space and time. 1. Dichotomy paradox: Before an object can travel a given ...

A Lie algebra is a vector space g with a Lie bracket [X,Y], satisfying the Jacobi identity. Hence any element X gives a linear transformation given by ad(X)(Y)=[X,Y], (1) ...

A square matrix A is antihermitian if it satisfies A^(H)=-A, (1) where A^(H) is the adjoint. For example, the matrix [i 1+i 2i; -1+i 5i 3; 2i -3 0] (2) is an antihermitian ...

The term "Aristotle gap"' is introduced in this work to refer to the angle between the first and last member of a 5-tetrahedral ring. This gap has angle measure theta = ...

Given a principal bundle pi:A->M, with fiber a Lie group G and base manifold M, and a group representation of G, say phi:G×V->V, then the associated vector bundle is ...

The Barth decic is a decic surface in complex three-dimensional projective space having the maximum possible number of ordinary double points, namely 345. It is given by the ...

Bipolar coordinates are a two-dimensional system of coordinates. There are two commonly defined types of bipolar coordinates, the first of which is defined by x = ...

A set of curvilinear coordinates defined by x = (asinhv)/(coshv-cosu) (1) y = (asinu)/(coshv-cosu) (2) z = z, (3) where u in [0,2pi), v in (-infty,infty), and z in ...

In homogeneous coordinates, the first positive quadrant joins (0,1) with (1,0) by "points" (f_1,f_2), and is mapped onto the hyperbolic line -infty<u<+infty by the ...

A hypothetic building design problem in optimization with constraints proposed by Bhatti (2000, pp. 3-5). To save energy costs for heating and cooling, an architect wishes to ...