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Several prizes are awarded periodically for outstanding mathematical achievement. There is no Nobel Prize in mathematics, and the most prestigious mathematical award is known ...

The inverse of a square matrix A, sometimes called a reciprocal matrix, is a matrix A^(-1) such that AA^(-1)=I, (1) where I is the identity matrix. Courant and Hilbert (1989, ...

A maximal independent edge set of a graph is an independent edge set that cannot be expanded to another independent edge set by addition of any edge in the graph. Note that a ...

A maximal independent vertex set of a graph is an independent vertex set that cannot be expanded to another independent vertex set by addition of any vertex in the graph. A ...

A maximal irredundant set is an irredundant set that cannot be expanded to another irredundant set by addition of any vertex in the graph. Note that a maximal irredundant set ...

A maximum clique of a graph G is a clique (i.e., complete subgraph) of maximum possible size for G. Note that some authors refer to maximum cliques simply as "cliques." The ...

An independent edge set, also called a matching, of a graph G is a subset of the edges such that no two edges in the subset share a vertex in G. A maximum independent edge ...

An independent vertex set of a graph G is a subset of the vertices such that no two vertices in the subset represent an edge of G. Given a vertex cover of a graph, all ...

The McGee graph is a cubic symmetric graph on 24 nodes and 36 edges which is the unique 7-cage graph. It can be constructed as the union of the two leftmost subgraphs ...

The Menger sponge is a fractal which is the three-dimensional analog of the Sierpiński carpet. The nth iteration of the Menger sponge is implemented in the Wolfram Language ...