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A plot in the complex plane of the points B(t)=S(t)+iC(t), (1) where S(t) and C(t) are the Fresnel integrals (von Seggern 2007, p. 210; Gray 1997, p. 65). The Cornu spiral is ...

The solid angle Omega subtended by a surface S is defined as the surface area Omega of a unit sphere covered by the surface's projection onto the sphere. This can be written ...

The gabled rhombohedra are a family of elongated gyrobifastigium that are space-filling. The equilateral elongated gyrobifastigium, illustrated above, is one such example.

The Schmitt-Conway biprism is a convex polyhedron found to be only aperiodically space-filling by Conway in 1993.

A set which is connected but not simply connected is called multiply connected. A space is n-multiply connected if it is (n-1)-connected and if every map from the n-sphere ...

The universal cover of a connected topological space X is a simply connected space Y with a map f:Y->X that is a covering map. If X is simply connected, i.e., has a trivial ...

A compactification of a topological space X is a larger space Y containing X which is also compact. The smallest compactification is the one-point compactification. For ...

The expression im kleinen is German and means "on a small scale." A topological space is connected im kleinen at a point x if every neighborhood U of x contains an open ...

A continuous transformation from one function to another. A homotopy between two functions f and g from a space X to a space Y is a continuous map G from X×[0,1]|->Y such ...

A random variable is a measurable function from a probability space (S,S,P) into a measurable space (S^',S^') known as the state space (Doob 1996). Papoulis (1984, p. 88) ...