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Dawson's integral (Abramowitz and Stegun 1972, pp. 295 and 319), also sometimes called Dawson's function, is the entire function given by the integral F(x) = ...

Let a spherical triangle be drawn on the surface of a sphere of radius R, centered at a point O=(0,0,0), with vertices A, B, and C. The vectors from the center of the sphere ...

Capable of taking on one out of two possible values.

A real-valued stochastic process {B(t):t>=0} is a Brownian motion which starts at x in R if the following properties are satisfied: 1. B(0)=x. 2. For all times ...

Trigonometric functions of npi/9 radians for n an integer not divisible by 3 (e.g., 40 degrees and 80 degrees) cannot be expressed in terms of sums, products, and finite root ...

A random matrix is a matrix of given type and size whose entries consist of random numbers from some specified distribution. Random matrix theory is cited as one of the ...

A transformation of the form g=D^(T)etaD, where det(D)!=0 and det(D) is the determinant. Isometries are also called congruence transformations.

Qualitatively, a deep theorem is a theorem whose proof is long, complicated, difficult, or appears to involve branches of mathematics which are not obviously related to the ...

A general term which refers to an increase (or decrease in the case of the oxymoron "negative growth") in a given quantity.

Given a function of the form y=a+blnx, (1) the coefficients can be found from least squares fitting as b = ...