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A curve obtained by fitting polynomials to each ordinate of an ordered sequence of points. The above plots show polynomial curves where the order of the fitting polynomial ...

The contravariant four-vector arising in special and general relativity, x^mu=[x^0; x^1; x^2; x^3]=[ct; x; y; z], (1) where c is the speed of light and t is time. ...

Let H be a Hilbert space and M a closed subspace of H. Corresponding to any vector x in H, there is a unique vector m_0 in M such that |x-m_0|<=|x-m| for all m in M. ...

A subvariety of an algebraic variety that is not the entire variety. The proper subvarieties of a line are its nonempty finite subsets, the proper subvarieties of a plane are ...

A distance g on a set that fulfils the same properties as a metric except relaxes the definition to allow the distance between two different points to be zero. An example of ...

A tensor-like object which reverses sign under inversion. Given a transformation matrix A, A_(ij)^'=det|A|a_(ik)a_(jl)A_(kl), where det is the determinant. A pseudotensor is ...

The whole neighborhood of any point y_i of an algebraic curve may be uniformly represented by a certain finite number of convergent developments in power series, ...

A quadric is a quadratic surface. A surface of the form (x^2)/(a^2+theta)+(y^2)/(b^2+theta)+(z^2)/(c^2+theta)=1 is also called a quadric, and theta is said to be the ...

A point where a curve intersects itself along four arcs. The above plot shows the quadruple point at the origin of the quadrifolium (x^2+y^2)^3-4x^2y^2=0.

The term quartoid is sometimes used to refer to a function on the form f(x,y)=((x^2+y^2)^2)/(a^3), i.e., a poweroid with alpha=4 (Jackway and Deriche 1996).