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Spiral


A spiral is a curve that winds around a point while its radial distance varies. Spirals can wind outward or inward; the name is also applied more broadly to curves such as the Cornu spiral, which winds about two limiting points. In Archimedes' spiral, the radial distance increases linearly with polar angle.

The following table compares named spirals using finite portions, independently scaled, with the chosen parameters and intervals in the last column. Here t is the parameter used in the corresponding entry. The atom-spiral and epispiral are cropped near their asymptotes; in the latter, the poles of the radial formula are omitted.

representativespiralradial formularepresentative parameters and interval
SpiralTableArchimedean
Archimedean spiralr=atheta^(1/n)a=1, n=2/3; 0<=theta<=4pi
SpiralTableArchimedes
Archimedes' spiralr=athetaa=1; 0<=theta<=4pi
SpiralTableAtom
atom-spiralr=theta/(theta-a)a=4; 4+1/100<=theta<=6pi
SpiralTableCircleInvolute
circle involutea=1; 0<=t<=4pi
SpiralTableCornu
Cornu spiral-3<=t<=3
SpiralTableCotes
Cotes' spiralA=1, k^'=1/4, epsilon=0 (sech case); 0<=theta<=6pi
SpiralTableEpispiral
epispiralr=asec(ntheta)a=1, n=3; 0<=theta<=2pi
SpiralTableFermat
Fermat's spiralr=atheta^(1/2)a=1; 0<=theta<=4pi
SpiralTableGalilean
Galilean spiralr=btheta^2-aa=1, b=1/10; 0<=theta<=4pi
SpiralTableHyperbolic
hyperbolic spiralr=a/thetaa=1; 1/4<=theta<=6pi
SpiralTableLituus
lituusr=atheta^(-1/2)a=1; 1/16<=theta<=6pi
SpiralTableLogarithmic
logarithmic spiralr=ae^(btheta)a=1, b=1/5; 0<=theta<=6pi
SpiralTableNielsen
Nielsen's spirala=1; 1/8<=t<=8pi
SpiralTablePolygonal
polygonal spiraln=4; 24 segments
SpiralTableTheodorus
Theodorus spiral24 unit outer segments
SpiralTableTractrix
tractrix spirala=1; 0<=t<=3/2

See also

Archimedes' Spiral, Circle Involute, Conical Spiral, Cornu Spiral, Cotes' Spiral, Daisy, Epispiral, Fermat's Spiral, Helix, Hyperbolic Spiral, Logarithmic Spiral, Mice Problem, Nielsen's Spiral, Phyllotaxis, Poinsot's Spirals, Polygonal Spiral, Rational Spiral, Spherical Spiral, Theodorus Spiral

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References

Davis, P. J. Spirals from Theodorus to Chaos. Wellesley, MA: A K Peters, 1993.Eppstein, D. "Spirals." https://ics.uci.edu/~eppstein/junkyard/spiral.html.Lauwerier, H. Fractals: Endlessly Repeated Geometric Figures. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, pp. 54-66, 1991.Lockwood, E. H. "Spirals." Ch. 22 in A Book of Curves. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, pp. 172-175, 1967.Weisstein, E. W. "Books about Spirals." http://www.ericweisstein.com/encyclopedias/books/Spirals.html.Yates, R. C. "Spirals." A Handbook on Curves and Their Properties. Ann Arbor, MI: J. W. Edwards, pp. 206-216, 1952.

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Spiral

Cite this as:

Weisstein, Eric W. "Spiral." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Resource. https://mathworld.wolfram.com/Spiral.html

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