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Spectre Tile


A spectre tile is a strictly chiral aperiodic monotile obtained by suitably modifying the edges of an equilateral polygon T(1,1) (Smith et al. 2024). To construct this polygon, keep the edge directions of the hat polykite and shorten its length-sqrt(3) edges to unit length, treating the hat's length-2 side as two consecutive unit edges. The result has 14 unit edges, two of them consecutive and collinear.

A spectre tiles the plane and admits only nonperiodic tilings using copies of one handedness, even when reflections are allowed. It therefore solves the strict form of the vampire einstein problem (Smith et al. 2024).

Smith (2023) recalls naming the straight-edged precursor after he and Craig Kaplan noticed that a 30-degree rotation put a tile in the role of a reflected tile in a patch. The name evokes that ghostlike presence.

The straight-edged polygon admits only nonperiodic tilings when only translations and rotations are allowed, but it also admits a periodic tiling when reflections are allowed. It is therefore a weakly chiral aperiodic monotile in the terminology of Smith et al. (2024). By comparison, every tiling by the hat polykite uses both handednesses.

SpectreTile

The figure shows T(1,1) at left, with a dot where its two collinear edges meet. The middle panel shows a spectre at the same scale, with smooth arcs that bow alternately inward and outward. The nine-tile cluster at right is drawn at a smaller scale. The darker pair is the two-tile compound called a Mystic. In the substitution tiling construction of Smith et al. (2024), a spectre produces a Mystic and seven single tiles, while a Mystic produces a Mystic and six single tiles. Every admitted tiling has a unique hierarchy of such clusters and larger supertiles. Any translational symmetry would have to preserve the hierarchy, which rules out a nonzero translation (Smith et al. 2024). Ping (2024) gives a computational construction based on the combinatorially equivalent tiling by marked hexagons.


See also

Aperiodic Monotile, Chiral, Hat Polykite, Nonperiodic Tiling, Substitution Tiling

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References

Ping, B. "SpectreHexagonalTiling." Wolfram Function Repository, May 8, 2024. https://resources.wolframcloud.com/FunctionRepository/resources/SpectreHexagonalTiling/.Smith, D. "The Special One." Hedraweb. Jun. 2, 2023. https://hedraweb.wordpress.com/2023/06/02/the-special-one/.Smith, D.; Myers, J. S.; Kaplan, C. S.; and Goodman-Strauss, C. "A Chiral Aperiodic Monotile." Combinatorial Theory 4(2), #13, 1-25, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5070/C64264241. https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.17743.

Cite this as:

Weisstein, Eric W. "Spectre Tile." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Resource. https://mathworld.wolfram.com/SpectreTile.html

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